Fluid-cushion valve or other regulating mechanism.



P. H. BROWN.'A FLUID CUSHION VALVE 0R OTHER REGULATING MBGHANISM.

APPLIOATIQN FILED FEB.18, 1913. 1 ,094,1 1 6 Patented Apr. 21, 1914 4 SHEETS SHEET l.`

INVENTOR w un WITNESSES ATTORNEYS 11,11. BROWN. l:FLUID CUSHION VALVE OR OTHER RBGULATING MEGHANISM. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1913.

11,094, 1 16, A Patented Apr. 21, 1914L 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES Jaya/l ATTOHN EYS INVENTR F. H. BROWN. FLUID CUSHION VALVE 0R OTHER REGULATING MEGHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1913.

/- Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

,i l @e uw WITNESSES P. H. BROWN. FLUID CUSHION VALVE 0R OTHER REGULATING MEGHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1913.

L09-1,1 1 6, Patented Apr. 21, 1914;

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

. nl. /J

wlrnessss mvENToR mfrornguwsl UNITED sTATns PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS H. BROWN, 0]? RIDLYA PARK, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLUID-CUSHION vmnrnl 'onv oTHER REGULATING MECHANISM.

Specicationof Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

Application led February 18, 1913. Serial No. 749,067.

adjustment and which includes a fluid cush` ion and novel means of forming this cushion, means for varying the volume of such cushion whereby the movement of the diaphragm or its equivalent in one'direction is opposed by a pressure of any desired standard, and means for varying the throw of the valve with respect to the movement of the diaphragm.

My invention further consists of a novel valve or other regulating mechanism for controlling and regulating motion of mechanism, pressures,'1ow of fluids and similar purposes, and which is automatic in its operation and wherein the friction of the moving parts is practically eliminated and which has a universal range of adjustment of working pressure without affecting the sensitiveness of operation. It further consists of a nove-l construe` tion of a valve mechanism in conjunction with which an ai: cushion is employed which is subjected to the pressure exerted against one side of the diaphragm or its equivalent whereby any desired range of working pressure may be provided without affecting the uniformity of the action or the sensitiveness of operation of the diaphragm.

It further consists of novel means for forming the air cushion. 'which is formed by an arrangement and combination of nonmixing fluids such as air or gas, and water, oil or similar fluid, the former being trap ed in an inverted container which is surrounded by water or a similar Huid and this cushion is attached to or communicates With one side of the diaphragm or its e uivalent forming the opposing pressure to tie pressure to be controlled thus providin the positive unfailing action required, combined with the have invented a new and use predetermined or desired` extreme senstiveness and resiliency characteristic of the pneumatic cushion, and which is equally reliable and sensitive at whatever pressure used.

It further consists of novel means for changing the stroke of the valve whereby the throw of the val diaphragm.

It further consists of a novel cushion vvalve mechanism which is especially adapted to be ve may have any desired ratio with respect to the movement of the employed for a large variety of purposes vsuch as pressure reducing, relief, or excess valves., boiler feed pump of all .kinds such as for fire, or tank pumps, and similar service, governors and other to mention.

i:It further consists of a novel construction o nectlng the same with the valve.

It further consists of a novel construcgovernors, pumps example, elevator,

purposes too numerous tion and arrangement of air cushion and novel means for adjusting the pressure there,- on or thereagainst in accordance with the standard of working pressure desired.

It further consists of a novel construction of a valve regulating' mechanism which is adapted to operate and automatically conf'l trol any desired type of valve. It f fully set forth.

*For the purpose of illustrating my inventlon I have shown herein certain embodiments thereof which will give in practice -advantageous and reliable results a though it 1s ofcourse tobe understood that the vari- Water works, air brakes heating systems, engine a diaphragm and novel means for con-` urther consists 4of other novel features of construction, all as will be hereinafter ous instrument-alities of which my invention y i i consists can be variously arranged and or?" ganized and that my invention is not lim ited to the exact arrangement and organization of these` instrumentalities as herein set forth.

'Figure 1A represents a sectional elevation ,of a valve regulating mechanism embodyin my invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectiona elevation of another embodiment of my invention. Fig. 3 view of a portion of the valve body seen in Figs. 1 'and 2.

Fig. 4 represents a sectionaly represents a sectional plan plan view onl line Fig. 1. Fig 5 represents a sectional elevation of another embodiiil'ent of my invention. Fig. 6 represents a sectional elevation ofv another embodiment of my invention. Fig. 7 represents 'a section on line y-g/ Fig. 6. Fig. 8 reprel 1ev isA sente a section on line .ea Fig. 6. Fig. 9 represents a sectional elevation of another embodiment of my invention which provides for the thermostat-ic control-of the valve. Figs. 10 and 1l represent side elevations of other embodiments of my invention. Fig. 12 represents a sectional view of a portion of Fig. 1.y Fig. 13 represents a sectional elevation of another embodiment of my invention.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

Referring to the drawings, the construction of thediaphragm, the air cushion and y Vasgwill be vtherewith and which als'o the manner pf forming it and regulating the standardofworking pressure employed is substantially the same in all the embodiments of'my invention herein shown but I ,have shown different types of valves and different manners of connecting the valve with respect-to the diaphragm to cover different working conditions.

Referring first. to the embodiment, seen in -Fig. 1, 1 designates a valve casing provided with an inlet 2 ahd' an outlet 3 in the usualstu/Hing box 13. heads adapted to seats formed by the valve ports 5 and 6 respectively said valve heads being carried by a valve stem-16 the lower end of which cooperates with the adjustable' stop 12 to limit the, opening of the valves 14 and 15. The valve stem 16 passes through a removable closure 17 and Vthrough a stuliing box'l8 said closure 17 having 'connected therewith a casing member 19 to which is connected a bonnet 20 by means of fasteningdevices. 21

which also pass through a diaphragm of novel construction. The 4diaphragm consists of upper and lower exible members and 23 respectively between which is located a central spacing block 24, a plural-v ity of annular rings 25 and an outer spacing nnulus 26 it being understood thatthe fastening devices 21 preferably pass through casing members19 and 20, the diaphragm members 22 and 23 andthe spacing annulus 26. Thel construction and arrangement of the spacing rings will be more 'clearly understood by reference to Fig. 4, it being seen that by such construction .an extended flexible joint is provided near the outer periphery of the diaphragm. -27 designates a bar or rod which is fixed in the central spacing block 24 but has a free play in the aperture 7o 28 of the spacing rings 25 and the apertures 429 of the spacing yannulus 26. 30 designatesl a yoke the ends of which are mounted on the rod-or bar 27 the latter being provided with pins 31 to maintain the parts in assembled 75 position. The yoke 30, is apertured to receive the valve stem 16 which latter is secured in adjusted position with respect theretoby means of the nuts 32 and 33. In

orderto limit the range of movement of the diaphragm members I provide limiting plugs 34. having bearings 35, 36 and 37 corresponding in number to the number of rings and a bearing "38 in the central spacing block 24, it being notedthat these bearings decrease in diameter progressively toward the central block 24. 39, 40, 41 and 42 designate openings in the central spacing block 24 and the rings 25 it being noted that.

the aperture 39 is of largest diameter While 90 the apertures 40, 41 and 42 respectively de-V crease in diameter toward the outer periphery of the diaphragm, since as will be apparent the central portion of the diaphragm has the largest range of movement. 43 des- 95 ignates a counterbalance which in the present instance is shownas consisting of a yoke the ends of which are loosely mounted on the rod or bar 27 said yoke being pivotally carried by the spacing of the pins 44 and said yoke is provided 'With a threaded extension 45 having a weight 46 in adjustable engagement therewith, whereby the diaphragm may be accurately balanced irrespective of the opposing pressure on one side thereof. 47 designates an inverted container provided in the pres ent instance with ports 48 through its side wall at its lower end, and such inverted container is adapted to be partially filled lwith.

liquid to form a fluid cushion 49, 189 designates a pressure indicator. 50 designates a conduit communicating with a sourc'e.of fluid supply and with the chamber formed in the casing member 19, said conduit 50,115

being provided with a controlling valve 5,1. 52 designates a conduit communicating willi.. th'e conduit 50 and with the chamber formed by .the bonnet 20 saidconduit 52 being provided With a controlling valve 53.

In the embodiment seen in Fig. 2, I have shown 'a construction which is within thel broad and generic scope of my invention as -4 disclosed in Fig.l 1,.'and in this; embodf ment instead of the diaphragm by. means of the yoke and its adjuncts as seen in Fig. l, the valve stem 54 is connected with a diaphragm 55 the same corresponding in construction to that seen 1n Figs. 1 to 4except that no counterbal- 130 annulus 26 by means 100 connectmg jhe valve with l2 baille and in addition ancing member is provided. The valve stem 54 in this embodiment passes through the diaphragm 55 and is adjusted with respect thereto by means of clamping or packing nuts 56 and 57 in threaded engagement 4' herewith. The bonnet 58 in this embodiment does nt form a container for the fluid cushion arrangement but forms a chamber 50 which communicates by means of a conduit 60 with a tank 61 having therein an inverted container 62 which provides for an air cushion as described in Fig. 1. 63 designates a valve controlled conduit communicating with the conduit 60 and the valve outlet.

. In the embodiment seen in Fig. 5, the air cushion is formedin the bonnet64 in a similar manner to that seen in Fig. 1, an inverted container 65 being provided which forms an air cushion 66 which may be adjusted by means of a valve controlled conduit 67 which communicates with the inlet to the valse. The diaphragm and the valve correspond in construction to that seen in Fig. 2 except that the valve heads seat 0n top.

Referring now to the embodiment seen in Figs. 6 to 8 inclusive, I have shown another embodiment of my invention wherein the construction is similar to that seen in Fig. l except that the valve seats onv top of the Ih'ave shown therein novel means for varying the throw of the valve lso that the latter will have any desired travel relative to the movement of t-he diaphragm. l In the embodiment seen in Fig. 6, 68 and 69 designate the casing members which are secured together by means of any desired type of fastening devices 70 which latter also pass through a iicXible diaphragm 71 illustrated herein as of the same type as that seen in Fig. l. 72 designates a cross bar carried by the diaphragm 71 and having a predetermined range of movement. '73 designates a counterbalance which preferably corresponds inconstruction to the counter-balance 44 seen in Fig. 4. 74 designates arms mounted on the cross bar 72 and prevented from lateral movementjthereon by means of the pin 75. 76 designates levers one end of each of which is pivoted to an arm 74. Each lever 76 is provided with a cam` groove 77 therein in which is adapted to travel a shoe 78 provided with a pin 79 journaled in'an arm 80 which latter is pivoted at 81 to the casing member 68. This arm 80 is provided with a longitudinally extending slot 82 in which is adapted to travel a pin 83 mounted on a swivel 84 with which latter has threaded connection a screw 85 adapted to be lmanually actuated and provided in the resent instance with a right and a 1eftliand thread thereonin order that both arms 80`wi1l be simultaneously adjusted. This.

- order that a provide a verted tank screw 85 is mounted'in a journal 86 and the. longitudinal movement of said screw 85 is prevented by means of the set collars 87. Theinner end of each lever 76 is preferably forked, as will be best understood by reference to Fig. '7, it being seen that each arm of the fork is apertured as at 88 in pin 89 may pass therethrough said pin being carried by a cap 90 which is longitudinally adjustable with respect to the valve stern 91 and in order to illustrate one manner of accomplishing this result I have shown the valve stem 91 as being in threaded engagement with the cap 90. In order that the valve stem 91 may be prop erly adjusted in order to accurately set the valve heads with respect to their seats, I pin 92 which passes through the valve stem 91 and Iialso preferably provide a lock nut 93 whereby the valve stem may be locked in its adjusted position, with respect to the cap 90. The valve body corresponds in construction to that seen in Fig. 1 and the only diii'erence between the valve head is that in Fig. 6 the valve head seats above the ports instead of below the same as in Fig. l, and since this construction will be clear to any one skilled in this art, it is deemed to be unnecessary to describe the detailed construction of the valve casing and the valve. It will be noted that the cam grooves y77 form the arc of rz circle, the center of the radius being the pivotal point 81. i I

Referring now to the embodiment seen in Fig. 9, I have shown therein another form of my invention in which Ythe variable or actuating means for the diaphragm comprises a temperature or tliermostatic element. 94 designates a container having a diaphragm 95 therein which divides the con tainer into two compartments. This diaphragm corresponds in construction' to that seen' in Fig. 1 and is providled with a counterbalance 96 corresponding to the counterbalance 43 in Fig. 4 and this counterbalance 96 is mounted on a bar 97 connected with the diaphragm 95 and having a predetermined range of movement therewith. 98 designates a yoke adjustably connected with a valve stem 99 and since the` valve heads and valve casing and ports are similar in construction to that seen in Fig. 1

a detailed description thereof is believedto be' unnecessary. 100 designates an insulated container within which is mounted an in- 101 which is, open at its lower end and which in practice forms an air or iiuid cushion 102. 103 designates a conduit communicating with the insulated container and with the chamber 104 on one side of the diaphragm 95 said 'conduit 103 being provided with a valve 105. 106 design a tes a conduit communicating with the conduit ,103 and with a conduit-107-which latsel ter is provided with valves 108 and 109 and which communicate with a chamber 110 of the casing 94. 111 designates a valve in the conduit 106. 112 designates a valve controlled conduit communicating with the conlduit 107 and with a container 113 in which latter is mounted an inverted container 114 within which latter is located a container- 115 which is open at its top. The innermost container 115 is adapted to 'contain a material which is sensitive to changes in temperature, such as for example mercury, as indicated at 116, and' above the mercury is formed an air chamber 117 as will more clearly hereinafter appear in the 'detailed description of the operation of this embodiment of my invention.

In the embodiment seen in Fig. 10, 118

ydesignates a container in which is located a -Yconduit 124.

diaphragm 119 preferably of the type already described in connection with the other iigures of the drawings and forming an upper compartment 120 and a lower compartment 121, the diaphragm being connected with the valve stem 122. 123 designates a conduit extending to any desired height above the casing 118 and communieating with the compartment 120 said conduit 123 being adapted to be iilled by means of fluid forced through the valve controlled 125 designates a-valve controlled conduit communicating with the conduit 123 whereby the height of iiuid in said latter conduit may be varied as desired in order to `vary the pressure exerted against the diaphragm 119` 126 designates a conduit communicating with the compartment 121 and provided with valves 127 and 128.

`129 designates a conduit communicating with the conduit 126 between the valves 127 and 128 and communicating also with the compartment 120 and provided with a valve 130.

In Fig. 11, I have shown another embodiment .of my invention wherein I provide novel means for varying the standard of pressure exerted against the diaphragm. In this embodiment 190 designates a casing which is divided by means of a diaphragm 131 into two compartments 132 and 133 it being understood' that the diaphragm 131 is connected with a valve stem 134 or other desired mechanism which is to be controlled. 135 designates a valve controlled vconduitcommunicating with the compartment 132 and in communication with this conduit 135.

K is a flexible connection or conduit 136 whereby a container 137 is placed in communication with the compartment 132. 4138 desig- 'nates afilling' conduit through which fluid passes to lill t'he container 137 and in order to maintain the fluid in s aid container 137 at a constant level I provide a float con-v 140 designates a cableY passing over pulleys 141 supported at a desired height in any desired'manner, said cable being connected with the container 137 and with a manually actuated adjusting device 142 whereby the height of the container 137 with respect to the diaphragm casing 130may be adjusted as desired in order to vary the pressure exerted against the diaphragm. 143 designates a conduit provided with valves 144 and 145. 146 designates a conduit communicating with the conduit 143 between the valves 144 and 145 and also with the compartment 132 said conduit 146 being provided with a. valve 147. The conduit 143 communicates with the compartment 133.

It will be apparent that both the conduitv 123 seen in Fig. 10 and the container 137 seenin Fig. 11 are open at their upper end so as to be exposed to atmospheric pressure.

In order to provide positive means for limiting the range of movement oi the counterbalance and thereby of the diaphragm, the casing member 19, as shown in Fig. 12, is preferably provided with a set screw 148, the end of which is in the path of travel of the counterbalance 43, and this set screw is provided with a lock nut 149. The other casing member such as 20 is provided with a set screw 150, the end oi which is inthe path of the counterbalance 43, and the set screw 150 is provided with a devices exterior of the valve casing, whereby the throw of the valve relative to the movement of the diaphragm may be varied as desired, without cutting out the valve or rendering the same inoperative. In this embodiment 152 designates a valve casing having a bonnet 153 secured thereto, between which is located a diaphragm 154, preferablyof the type already described in detail herein and having a rod 155 passing therethrough, which is provided with a counterbalance 156, as will be understood by reference vto Figs.4, and 12. 157 desigmites4 a conduit communicating with the chamber 158 above the diaphragm 154, and with a container 159, within which is an; inverted tank 160, which forms an air cush" ion 161.0v 162 designates a conduit communicating with the valve outlet 1635 and the conduit 157,Iand said conduit 162 is provided with controlling valves 164 and 191.-

'is the pivot 176 of an arm 177 having a slot 178 in which is adapted to extend a pin 179V of a nut 180. The arm 177 is pivoted at 181 to a shoe 182 adapted to travel in a cam groove or slot'175. The pivot 181 is carried by a bolt 183 extending through the diaphragm 154 and secured thereto by packing nuts 184. It will be ,seen that two levers 178 are provided and in order t0 simultaneously adjust both of such levers I provide f a screw 185 having a grasping portion extending exteriorly ofthe casing and provided With a stuffing box 186, the end of said screw being mounted in a bracket 187 which permits the rotation d SadScrew and prevents longitudinal movement thereof.l This screw is provided with threads of a different character thereon, such y'as for example, a right hand thread engaging one of the nuts 180 while the other of such nuts 18.0 is adapted to coact with the portion of said screw which has a let't hand thread thereon. 188 designates an adjustable stop' -for positively closing the valve.

The operation of my novel valveor other regulatingr mechanism will now be readily apparent-to those skilled in the art and is as followsr-Referring first to the embodiment seen in F ig. 1, my invention is illustrated as adapted for a governor for pumps or conduits or other similar purposes. The stop member 12 is adjusted to cause' the valve heads 14 and 15 to be seated in closed position. The valves 51 and 53 are then opened and the iluid under pressure passes through thc conduit and the conduit 52 to the chambers on opposite sides of the d iapliragm. The stop member 12 is actuated. to move the same out of the path of the valve stem 16 prior to the opening ot valves 51 and 53 and the actuating fiuid passes through the valve 1 supplying steam'to -a pump of any type to compress the luid which passes through the conduit 50. When a desired pressure is provided on each side of the diaphragm which will be the standard of working or f )peratingl pressure, the valve is closed so that a fixed pressure is exerted against the air cushion 48. iAs t-he pressure varies inthe conduit 50 the diaphragm will rise or fall thereby actuating, the valve stem 16 and opening `or closingthe; parts 5 and 6 to control'the supply ofano.-`

4are to be controlled, such -sure ,employed may conduit 52, into the tive Vfluid passing through the valve l. 'It will be seen that the central spacing block 24 in which the rod 27 is fixed will have a range of movement depending upon the diameter of the bearing portion r38 of the limiting plug, and the diameter of the aperture 39 in the central spacing block 24. The walls of the aperture 89, in the spacing annulu's 26, also serves as a fixed abutment to limit the range of movement of the bar 29, and ity will also be apparent that the spacing rings 25 which form the extended flexible jointhave their range of movement limited bythe reduced bearings on the limiting plug, and the Walls of the apertures in the respective spacing rings. The counterbalance 43 and its adjuncts serves to maintain thediaphragm and its adjuncts normally in a balanced condition, which is especially.

advantageous in cases wherein low pressures as for example the flow 4of gases, which are under comparatively low pressure. The throw of the valve stem 16 may be readily adjusted by actuating the nuts 32 and 33, in` order to bring the valve heads 14 and 15 respectively, nearer to orvfarther from the yoke 30. It will be apparent that'the standard of working presbe varied as desired, by admitting fluid under pressure through the chamber formed in the bonnet` 20, and after the desired pressure is provided the valve 53 will be closed. In some cases arising in practice, it is advantageous to employ a controllable by-pass through the baffle, such, as for example 4, in Fig, 1. VBy adjusting the position of the valve 9 the-volume of fluid passin through the by-pass formed by the port 7 may be regulated While the valve is in continuous operation, Without the necessity of cutting out-or shutting down the valve.

In the embodiment seen in F ig. 2, I have shown my invention as especially adapted to be employed as a reducing valve, and in man v cases in practice the temperature of the fluid being controlled vwould vary and affect the ail-cushion in communication with the chamber-attached to the diaphragm, and

in such cases itis advantageous to locate the air cushion at a distance from such cllamber but communicating therewith. The pressure exerted aga-inst the air cushion l :ay be varied, as desired, by actuating the valve of the Avalve controlled conduit 63. Assuming that the pressure on the inlet sideiof the valve is one hundred pounds vfor example, and it is desired to reduce the same to a pressure 4of five pounds on the opposite side, the .limiting plug or adjusting plug is o eratedjto cause the valve heads to close, t e steam or other iiuid would then be turned 'on,fand` with the pressure 011 the inlet side "the limiting and adjusting plug will he opened and the valve in the Valve controlled y on'thei gage. The valvein the valve con- Y in Figs. 6 to 8 inclusive,

- ample 'that already described 1, it being understood that trolled conduit. 53 4is then closed fixing the standard of pressureA against the diaphragm and against t-he'air cushion at five pounds, the limiting plug is then fully opened allowing the variable pressure to control the diaphragm and thereby the valve. y z

In the embodiment seen in Fig. 5, Iy have shown my invention as especially ladapted to be employed as a relie'f The valves in thevalve controlled conduit 67 are opened and `the pressure is then turned on the inlet side of-the valve and raised toa desired degree above the lstand-v ard of ressure to -be used,.such as for exfrcontrolling the feedwater line of The valves are then' closed and the on the inlet side reduced to the standard desired, the valves being first closed. Any increase in pressure on the inlet side of the valve. above the predetermined standard willcause the valve to open a boiler. pressure and the pressure will be relieved through the valveoutlet.

Referring now yto the embodiment seen the manner of fixing ythe standard of pressure is the same as with respect to Fig. any desired standard of pressure against the air cushion and the diaphragm may be provided by the proper actuation of the valves '53 and 51, it being understood that after the desired standard is provided the valve -51 is closed and the valve 53 opened so that the conduit 52-Will be in communication with the-variable pressure to be controlled. In this embodiment I also provide means whereby the throw of the valverelative 4to i the travel of the diaphragm maybe regulated as desired, so that the movement of the valve will be greater or less than the Aamount of movement imparted to the diaphragm. It will be apparent that by actuating the screw 85, the fulcrum points 79 of the levers 76 may be varied a's desired it being seen that an adjustable or floating fulcrum is provided, which moves in the arc of a circle, the center of which is the point 81. By this means a simple and accurate manner of varying the throw of the valve While in operation is provided. It is preferable in practice to employ an adjustable yielding stop which in the present instance I have preferred to show as comprising two set screws 148 and 150, carried by the casing members 68 and G9, respectively, and adapted to coact with the counterbalance 43, and thus serve as a means to limit the movement of the diaphragm and thereby of the valve stem to any'desired range of movement- It will ot course be understood that the sec'- kvalve, and the operation of this embodiment is as follows:-

tional plan View, seen in Fig. 4, applies equally as well to Fig. 6,'as to Fig. 1. The limiting stop shown in this embodiment and located beneath the valvestem serves as a positive means toopen the valve or to limit its closing movement, so that the equivalent of-a by-pass is provided through the valve ports of t-he baflie.

Referrin.r now to the operation-of the embodiment seen in Fig. 9, the valve stem is first closed, ordinarily by causing the limiting stop to engage the valve stem and seat the valve heads. The pressure is then turned on the inlet side of the valve, and in the illustration ,shown this pressure is thel element which isto be automatically controlled, such as for example a steam heat ing system for buildings. All the valves 1-08', 109, 111, 105, and the valve in the valvi-` controlled conduit 112, are now opened, and the pressure' entering through conduit 107 isexerted against eachside of t-he da phragm and against the air cushion 102 and the air cushion 117. When. the `desired standard of pressure under which it is de sired to loperate has been provided, the

valves 1 11 and 108 are closed, thus leaving vt e chamber 104in communication with the chamber of the container 100, which is a fixed pressure, whileA the chamber 110 is in communication with the chamber of the container 113l which' forms the variable or controlling pressure. It willthus apparent-thatany change in temperat re at the place where the thermostatic element is located will change the pressure beneath the diaphragm'95 thereby causing the latter to operate and actuate the valve stem 99 to control any desired mechanism and in the present instance to control the flow of fluid through the valve. If the thermostatie element is locatedexterior of the building, the temperature within the building will be automatically controlled in accordance with the'changes in temperature, taking place outside of the building, and it will also be apparentV that it may be located in the room or any desired location in the building to automatically control a heating system and maintain a uniform temperature at any de sired place. 'The throw of the valve may beadjusted in a similar manner* to that already described with reference to Fig. 1

and-it will be app rent that the valve or other mechanism iiiay be connected with the diaphragm in asimilar manner to that disclosed in the other embodiments ofl m lll.)

invention, herein illustrated, and still be within the scope of my invention. Y In all the embodiments of my invention which I have herein shown one Ican, if desired, employ a controllable by-pass through the baffle such as is specifically illustrated and described in connection with Fig. 3.

In the embodiment seen in Fig. 10,1 pro` vide an adjustable fixed operatingipressure on one side of the diaphragm, by means of a liquid column communicating with the chamber 120. The valves 127 and 125 are closed, and uic valves 128 and 130 andthe valves in the valve controlled conduit 124 are open and the liquid is forced through the conduit 124 to vary the height o f the liquid column until the indicator shows the desired working pressure. The valve in the valve controlled conduit 124 is then closed and the valve 13() is closed.. The valves 127 and 128 are then opened, it being understood that the conduits 126 commu-l nicate with the variable source of fluid supply or pressure to be controlled. It will thus be seen that thevyalve stem 122 will be actuated in a manner' similar to thatalread'y described with reference to other figures of the drawings, it being-understood that the type of diaphragm employed would preferably correspond tothe type which has herein been specifically described. In order height of the liquid column to reduce the the valve in the valve controlled conduit 125 is opened until the desired pressure is provided and then such valve is closed.

In the embodiment seen shown another manner of varying the standard of working pressure. The diaphragm is similar in construction to the type already described. The valve 144 is closed and theI .valves 145, 147 and the valve in the valve controlled conduit 135 are opened and tle container 137 is raisedor lowered until the indicator shows the predetermined standard of working pressure, the valve 147 is then closed, thereby fixing the working standard of pressure on one side of the diaphragm, and the valve 144 is opened thereby forming a communication between the chamber 133 and the variable source of Huid supply o't pressure to be controlled, so that the valve stem 134 is actuated in accordance witli the movement of the diaphragm 131. It will thus be clear that by manually actuating the member 142 the height of the container 137 and thereby -the standard of working pressure employed may be quickly and accurately determined. The height of liquid in the container 137 may be maintained at any desired level by adjustment of the float controlled valve 139.'

Referring now to the operation of the embodiment seen in Fig. 13, it will be evident that by actuating` the -valves 164 and 191, a desired pressure may be provided on the air or fluid cushion 161 and the diaphragm 154. In order to vary the throw of thevvalve relative to the movement ot thediaphragm the screw 185 is adjusted thereby imparting a longer or shorter stroke relative to, the diaphragm as is evident. I provide positive means for opening and closing the valve as best seen in Fig. 6. The valve in said figure in Fig. 11, I have j may be opened and closed by adjusting the length of the valve stem, o-r by actuating the screw 85 or by adjusting the screws 148 and 150, seeniin Fig. 12 in the proper directions toeHect the opening or closing of the valve. .It will be apparent that while for purposes of illustration I have shown my novel regulating mechanism, as adapted to control valves of different types, that the same is not limited to such use, but that in its broad and generic scope it is adapted and designed to control nism.

Special attention is directed to the novel construction and arrangement of diaphragm,-

which may be employed with either high or vlow pressure 'without affecting the sensiN tiveness of its movement, and attention is also directed to the novel manner of connecting the diaphragm with mechanism eX terior. of the easing whereby the friction of the moving parts which is present in prior devices of this character, is practically all eliminated.

In so far as I am aware I am the first in the art to provide means for fixing any predetermined standard of working pressure, against one side of a controlling element. such as a diaphragm or its equivalent, which is capable of a universal range of adjustment without affecting the sensitiveness of the operation.

In so far as applicant is aware, he believes himself to be a pioneer in the subject-mintter of the present application, and that he is the first in the art to devise a fluid cushion in which the pressure against the, inner and outer confining wall of such cushion is equal at all degrees of pressure of the transmitting' medium, and it is to he understood that his claims lto such features are to be generically construed as of corresponding scope. 'i V In cases wherein a spring element is employed, the action of the spring is only practicable within a certain defined and limited range of' movement. and the life ,of a spring, as is well. known. is limited to a certain number of vibrations, and after a certain length of time it tual for the purpose for 'which it was in tended. Itl also becomes inoperative when working under pressures beyond a certain range. The range et action ot the air cushion is unlimited andiuniversal. and may be instantly adjusted to any desired pressure ness or accuracy of the operation.

Special attention fact that in my present invention, I eliminate the necessity of employing springs, pistons. stuiiing,lr boxes or other friction elements and the consequent reduction in the sensitiveness without affecting in any wav the sensitiveof the ajziparatus arising from their use, and.

the only stuffing box required is in cases wherein theA diaphragm mechanism is sepabecomes inoperative and ineieoi' automatically any desired mecha.-

is also directed to the retained.

rated from the valve casing, and the employment of a stuffing boX or the like Would be a necessity in certain of the types of valves f herein shown, but 1t is of course to be understood that my invention isnot limited to the control of valves. The construction of the diaphragm'and the manner of limiting its range of movement are-euch that it cannot be .broken or injured by sudden and extreme changes in pressure, such as would occur for example if the variable iiuid pressure was suddenly-shut off or released while the pressure on the other side of the diaphragm was Special attention is also directed to the fact that in my present invention I provide novel means for balancing the diaphragm system and adjusting its effectiveness, While the diaphragm is in operation and also utilizing the balancing means to limit the stroke f such diaphragm in either direction to any desired range of movement. It Will be further apparentthat I provide a novel construction vofa diaphragm and novelv means for' communicating the motion thereof exterior of the casing With practically no friction on the moving parts.

vcut ont the valve or interfere in any manner With its operation; It will be further apparent that in the Itypesof valves herein Y shown, I havepreferred to show @balanced valve, since such type of valve has proven in practiceto give very advantageous results, in combination with a regulating mechanism as herein disclosed. i

It is to be understood, that While I have preferred 'to' illustrate a novel type of a diaphragm herein, my invention in its broad and generic scope is not limited to use K vith any specific type of diaphragm but is adapt ed to beUuSedin conjunction with a movabler element moved in opposite directions by different pressures, one of such pressures being substantially fixed and one or both of such pressures including a fluid cushion halving a universal range of adjustment.

I am, aware that it has heretofore been proposed to employ a-n air cushion above a column of Water in a single chamber, such Water acting against a diaphragm but this is not practicable since it is 'impossible to maintain ,the air cushionconstant, owing to leakage and absorption of air by the water. In my present invention, these defects of prior devices have been absolutely ing connected with a 'ters Patent, is 1. In a regulating mechanism, a movable all standards of operating pressure. I am also aware that it has been heretofore 'proposed to employ an inverted container sealed at its open end by the fluid in an outer container and subjected on its top to atmospheric pressure, said inverted container bevalve mechanism. This prior construction has a very limited. range of operation, since a comparatively slight increase in pressure Will break the seal and destroy the cushion. Furthermore, the friction-of the operating parts destroys the sensitiveness of the device and the effect of the cushion is not transmitted by the liquid but by the inverted container. These defects are entirely eliminated in my present invention.

It will new be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful construction of a fluid cushion valve or other regulating mechanism which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and While I have, in the present instance shown and described preferred 'embodiments thereof which have been found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention what I, claimas. new and desire to secure by Letelement subjected on one side to a variable pressure, and on the opposite side to a substan'tially constant pressure having a universal rangeof adjustment and including a fluid cushion suspended in and surrounded by a transmitting medium, and mechanism actuated by said movable element.

2. Ina ref rulatingv mechanism, a fmovable element subjected on one side toA a Ivariable pressure and on the opposite sideto a Substantially 'constant pressure having a univcrsal range of adjustment and including an adjustable fluid cushion surrounded by a liquid transmitting medium, and mechanism actuated by said movable element.`

3. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected on one side to a variable pressure and on the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure which includes a liuid cushion and a liquid transmitting medium surrounding such cushion, means to adjust said constant pressure to any predetermined istandard of pressure, and mech-Yr anism actuated said movable element.

4. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjectedon Aone side to a variable pressure, and on the Opposite side to a substantially constant pressure having a universal range of adjustment and including a fluid cushion `and a transmitting medium surrounding said cushion, mechanism actumedium, means to adjust said constant pressure tc any predetermined standard,al counterbalance for. Isaid movable element, and mechanism controlled ment. 4 j,

6.' In aregulatingV mechanism, a movable element subjected on one side to a variable pressure, anden the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure, having a universal range of adjustment and including` a fluid cushion. surrounded by a transmitting medium, means to limit the range of movement of said movable element, and mechanism controlled bysaid movable elefment. M.

. 7. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected on one side to a variable pressure and on the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure formed by an inverted Huid container sealed -and surrounded by a transmitting medium, means for producing; said variable pressure, and

, mechanism controlled by said 'movable element.

S. In a regulating mechanism, a movable clement subjected on one side to the pressure exerted by a plurality, of non-mixing lluids forming an elastic cushion, one of said fluids completely surrounding and forming a [luid seal for the other cushion, and subjected on the opposite side to a variable fluid pressure, and v'mechanism controlled by said movable element.

9. In a. regulating mechanism, a movable clmnent subjected on one side toa variable.V pressure and on the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure formed by a cushion surrounded by a transmitting medium, means. to adjust said constant pressure to any. desired standard, in combination with a valve mechanism having a balanced valve controlled by` said movable element.

' 10. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected on one side to a variable pressure, and on the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure having` a uniby` said movable rele-` versalrange of adjustment and includinga uid cushion surrounded bya liquid transmitting medium, a connection securetlto said movable element and having a defined range ot' movement therewith, and mechanism controlled by said connection.

11. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable element Within the casing and forming pressure chambers on opposite sides of said element', a valve controlled conduit communicating with one of said chambers, a valve controlled conduit communicatingvvith the other of said chambers and with said conduit, a. container inone of said chambers surrounded by liquid and .forming an velastic cushion, and mechanism controlled by said movable element. j

l2. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected on oneside to a variable pressure, and on the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure formed by a fluid cushion surrounded by a liquid transmitting medium, means tohniaintainl any predetermined standard of constant pressure, an adjustable counterbalance for said movable element, means to limit the range ofmovement of said count-erbalance, and mechanism controlled by said movableele-` ment. v l

13. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected on one side to a variable lluid'pressure, and on the opposite side to a substantially?constant pressure, which latter includes an elastic'cushion surrounded by a liquid, means to vary the volume of saidcushion, and mechanism controlled by said movable element.

14. In aregulating mechanism, a movable element con rising a plurality of 'llexible diaphragms, spacing means between said diaphragms and comprising a central member and eccentric rings, said movable element being subjected on opposite sides to diliierent pressures, and mechanism connected with said movable element and controlled thereby.

l5. In a. regulating mechanism, a movable clement comprising a plurality of flexible diaphragms, havingl spacing means therebetween, and limiting means to permit the central portion of said diaphragms to have 'a greater range of movement than the por.-- tions exterior Iot" said central portion, said movable eldlnent being subjected on opposite sides to different pressures, and mechanism connected with and cont-rolled by said movable element. Y

16. Ina regulating mechanism, a mov? able element comprising a plurality ofliexible members lixedly supported at the outer portions, and having spacing means-therebetweenV to cause said diaphragme to move in unison With each other, a rod passing through said spacing means, said movable f Velement being subjected on opposite sides td versal range of adjustment and inc uding a fluid cushion surrounded by a transmitting medium, in combination with a Valve body hfaving akmanually controllable by-pass bep tween thesi'nlet and outlet of the valve body,

and aff-'second valvecontrolling said valve bod inletand outlet and automatically control ed by said movable element.l

18.'y In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected onone side to a variable pressure, and on the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure formed by' a plurality of' non-'mixing fluids, one of saidA fluids lbeing surrounded by the other fluid to form therewith `a fliiid cushion,

lmeans for varying the pressure of said fluids,- and mechanism controlled by said movablexelement;l

' 19. In "a regulating mechanism, a movmeans to vary the standard of pressure of able element subjected on one side to the pressure" exerted by an adjustable elastic` fluid cushion completely surrounded by liquid, and on the opposite'side to a variable pressure, and mechanism controlled by said movable element.

' 20. In a regulating mechanism, acasmg,

Aa'movable element dividing the casing into chambers, an elastic fluid cushion separate from said casing but within one of said chambers to provide a substantially constant elastic fluid cushion surrounded by liquid, the opposite side of -said element being subjectedY to the variable pressure,

said` elastic fluid cushion, and mechanism controlled by said movable element.

' 21. lIn a regulating mechanism, a casing, a diaphragm therein dividing said casing into two chambers, `an inverted tank in one of said chambers, controllable means for admitting fiiiid= .into the tank containing` chamber to lill said chamber and seal the end of said tank to form a` fluid cushion- I therein, the other of said chambers being in communication with a source of variable fluid pressure, devices connected with said diaphragm, and mechanism controlled by said device.

In a reglating 'and controlling device, a casing, diaphragm therein subjected on opposite sides to fluid pressures, saidjdiaphragm. vcomprising a plurality ot' flexible `m'e'1itibe'rs,: means for preventing rel- -1 ati'v'ejmovement of the central port-ion of said"members,"device's between and in contact lwithsaid members ,for forming an extended flexible joint between the central and' outerfporti'ons, and power transmitting' means operatively connected with said diaphragm.

23. In a regulating and controlling device, a casing, a diaphragm comprising a plurality of liexible members spaced apart and supported by said casing at their periphery, said diaphragm being subjected to fiuid pressure on opposite sides thereof, means between the members and in contact therewith for preventing relative movement of the central portions of said members, de-

vices between the. members'and in contact therewith, for forming an extended flexible joint between the central portions and their periphery and power transmitting means operatively connected with said first named means.

24. In a regulating and controlling device, a casing, a diaphragm therein com prising the following instriimentalities; a plurality of flexible members connected with said casing at their outer periphery, means between., said members and in contact therewith for preventing relative movement ot' the central portions thereof, devices for forming an extended flexible joint between the central portions and their periphery, means for progressively limiting the movement ot said devices, a'nd power transmitting means extending laterally through said devices.

25. In a regulating and controlling mechanism, a' casing and a diaphragm therein comprising the following instrumentalities; a. plurality of flexible members connected with t-he said casing at their periphery, means between said members forpreventing relative movement of' the central portions of said members, concentric rings between and contacting with said members for forming an extended fiexible joint between the central portions and their periphery, and

power transmitting means passing through said vconcentric rings.

Q6. In a regulating and controlling mechanism, a casing, anc a diaphragm therein, comprising the following instrunientalities; a plurality of flexible members supported within said casing, means for preventing relative movement of the central portions ot' said members, concentric rings forming an ext-ended flexible joint between the central and outer portions of said members, means for limiting the movement of said rings to vary the amount of' movement 'permitted to each ring, and power transmitting means passing through said rings.

27. ,In a regulating and controlling mechanism, a casing, and a diaphragm therein, comprisingl the following instrunientalities; a plurality of flexible members connected .with said casing, means for filling the central portion between said'members,' a spacing. annulus between said members near theirl outer'edges, independently movable with said members and between the spacing annulus'and the filling means, means for limiting the amount of movement permitted to saidv independently1 movable spacing members, and power transmitting means operatively connected with. said diaphragm.

29. In a regulating and'control-ling mechanism, a casing, a diaphragm therein subjected on opposite sides to fluid pressure and l comprising the following instrumentalities;

a'` plurality of flexible members secured at their periphery to said casing, means for preventing relative movement of the central portions of said members, a spacing annulus between said vmembers near their outer edges, devices between said members in proximity to said annulus and forming an extendedflexible joint, in combination with a valve mechanism operatively connected with and controlled by the movement of said diaphragm.

30. In a regulating and controlling .mechanisin, a casing, a diaphragm secured there- .in at its outer periphery and .comprising a plurality of ilexible members, a spacing annulus between said members at'thcir outer periphery, devices in proximity to said annulus for forming an extended iiexiblc joint, means for maintaining a constant. pressure on one side of said diaph 1agm, means for exerting a variable pressure against the opposite side of said diaphragm, in combination with powers transmitting means operatively connected with said diaphragm lie-- tween'the flexible members thereof and extending exterior of' said casing.

3l.. In a. regulating and controlling mechanism, a casing, a diaphragm secured therein at its outer periphery and forming` two separate chambers adapted to receive fluid pressurm said diaphragm comprising a plurality of flexiblcmembers, a spacing annulus between the members at the outer periphery, and devices in proximity t'ofsaid annulus for forming an extended flexible joint, a fluidv conduit con'nnunicating withone of said -cliambers,a container communieating with the .other of said chambers, a cushion Within said chamber, and mecha- .nism.cont-rolled by said diaphragm. Y

anism, al casing having a diaphragm therestaiitially constant pressure and on tlieiopposite side to a variable fluid pressure, and a compressible cushion surrounded by and subjected to the substantially fixed pressure.

33. In a regulatingA and controlling mechanism, a casing having a diaphragm therein subjected on one side to fluid undera opposite side to a variable fluid pressure, a coinpressible cushion surrounded by and subjected to the substantially fixed pressure, and means for varying thestandard of fixed ressure employed.

3-1. anism, acasing having' a diaphragm therein subjected on one side to fluid under a substantially constant pressure posite side to va variable fluid pressure, a compressible cushion surrounded by subjected to the substantially fixed pressure, and means for varying the volume oi fluid in said cushion.

nism, a casing, a diaphragm therein dividing the saine into two chambers, one of said chambers communicating with a variable source of fiuid supply, the other of said.r chambers having a fluid therein under a sub-v stantially constant pressure, and an inverted container disconnected from other mechanism and Vhaving its lower end sealed by the fluid under,substantially constant pressure to form an air cushion within such inverted container.

element, subjected on one exerted by a plurality oi non-mixing fluids, one of said fluids completely surrounding the other fluid, thereby forming an elastic cushion normally under a predetermined pressure, and subjected on the oppositesidc to a variabley pressure7 and mechanism controlled by said variable element.

37. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element, subjected on one side to a variable pressure, and on the opposite side to a subversal range of adjustment and includiirg a fluid cushion suspended-in a liquid and dist-ion secured to said movable elementand with, means to vary said defined range of said connection.

38.111 a regulating mechanism. a casing, a movable elen'ient'tlierein comprising a pluat the outer portionsfandlv having spacing ineansftherebetween to cause'said members to move in 'unison with each other, said movable element being subjectedon opposite 32. In `a regulating and controlling nieclr in subjected on one side to fluid under a sub-* substantially constant pressure and on the.

n a regulating and controlling nieeh.

and on the op-v and 35, In a regulating and controlling mecha.-`

36. In a regulating mechanism, a. movable side to a pressure,

stantially constant pressure havinga. uni-r connected from other mechanism, aiconnec-` having a defined range of' movement there! movement, and. mechanism controlledV by' 4lio rality of flexiblem'embers iixedly supported 1 iso sides to different pressures, means connected with saidspacing means to communicate the movement of the diaphragm exterior of' the casing, an adjustable counterbalance for said means, and :mechanism controlled by said means. v

39.?In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected on one side to a liquid providing a substantially constant pressure and on the opposite side to a variable pressure, a compressible cushion subjected to the s'ubstantially constant pressure surrounded thereby, and disconnected from other mechaiiism, and meansl to vary the volume of fluid in said cushion.

40. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element subjected .on one sideto a substantially constant pressure and including an air cushion having a universal range of adjustment, and subjected on the opposite side to a variable pressure, means to progressively limit t-lie movement of said element whereby the central p ortion thereof has a greater range of movement than the portions outwardly thereof, a valve controlled by said element, and means to positively open and close said valve;

41. In a regulating mechanism, a movable element, subjected on one side to a substantially; constant pressure having a universal range of adjustment, and which includes an air cushion surrounded` by a transmitting.

.mediuim and subjected on the opposite side to a variable pressure, a valve controlled by said element, and manually actuated means to positively seat and unseat said valve and to limit the range of its movement in either direction.x

42. In a regulating-mechanism, a casing, a diaphragm therein forming chambers on opposite sides thereof, a counterbalance for said diaphragm, means to limit the travel of said counterbalance, means to introduce fluid under pressure into one of said chambers, van inverted ,container surrounded by said fluid and having'its lower end sealed thereby, a source of variable fluid supply communicating with the other of said chambers, and mechanism controlled by said diaphragm. I

i 43. In a regulating mechanism, a casing,

a movable element therein `dividing said.

casing.intotwo.separate chambers, a counterbalance for said element, means to vary the effective weight of' said counterbalance, means to limit the movementof said .counterbalance .and thereby of said element, an inverted container in one-of said chambers, means to introduce liquid into said container chamber to seal the lower end. of said container and to surround the same., a'vari'able source of pressure 'supply in communication a cushion within said container,` and mechaanism operatively connected with said movable eleinent. l f y.

44. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable element therein dividing said casinginto two chambers, an inverted container I in one of said chambers, means to introduce liquid under a predetermined pressure to fill the chamber in which the container is located and seal the lower end of the latter to thereby form a fluid cushion therein, a source of variable fluid supply communicating with the other of said chambers, a member passing transversely through said element and exterior of said casing, a counter-balance carried by said member, and mechanism operatively connected with said member.

45. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable element therein dividing said casing into two chambers, means to introduce liquid under pressurel into one of said chambers, a fluid cushion within said chamber and surrounded by the liquid therein, a member passing transversely through said movable element, a second member operatively connected with said first member, means to vary the stroke of said second member withrcspect to the stroke of said movable element, and a source of variable fluid supply'coinmunicating with the other of said chambers.

46. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable element therein dividing said casing into two chambers and subjected on opposite sides to difl'erent pressures, a member passing transversely through said movable element, a counterbalaiice connected with said member, means to vary the effective weight of said counterbalance, adjusting devices engaging said counterbalance to limit the travel of said movable element in elithcr direction, links connected with said member, a second member operatively connected with said links, and means to vary the stroke of said second member with respect to the stroke of said movable element.

47. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable elementA therein dividing said casing into two chambers, means to maintain liquid in one ofsaid chambers under a predetermined pressure, an invented container suspended in and sealed by the liquid in such chamber, a variable source of fluid supply in valve controlled connection with both of said chambers, and mechanism operatively eonnected with said movable element.

48. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable 'element therein dividing said casing into two chambers, a variable Source oi fluid supply in valve controlled communication with both of said chambers whereby a predetermined constant pressure may -be maintained in one chamber, and a variable pressure in the other chamber, a fluid cushion surrounded by the liquid under constant pressure, and a freely rotatable member operativelyf connected with said movable element.

49.' Inv a regulating'inechanism, a casing,

ico

isleI I a movable element therein dividing said casing into two chambers, a variable source of fluid supply, valve controlled conduits communicating therewith and with said chambers whereby one side of said element is subjected to a variable pressure and the other side thereof to a substantially constant pressure, a iiuid cushion in the chamber having fluid under a substantially constant pressure and suspended in and surrounded by the fluid therein, a inember operatively connected with said movable element, and means 4to vary the stroke of said member with respect to the stroke of said movable element.

50. In a regulating mechanism, a casing, a movable element therein dividing said casing intotwo chambers, a source of variable fluid supply in valve controlled communicati on with both of said chambers whereby one side .of said element is subjected to a substantially constant pressure and the other side.

thereof to a variable pressure, a fluid cushion suspended in and surrounded by the fluid under substantially constant pressure, a member connected Awith said movable element, power transmitting devices connected with said member and including links having avsecond set of links movably connected therewith,`and means to vary the position of said second set of links whereby the stroke of said power transmitting devices will var'y relatively to the stroke of said movable ,ele-

' ment.

5l. In a device of the character stated, a fluid cushion, a transmlttmg4 medium surrounding said fluid cushion and exerting a I' pressure against said fluid cushion, whereby the pressure yci the fluid cushion is equal to that of the Vtransmitting 'medium at `any standard of pressure of such transmitting medium, and mechanism controlled by said transmitting medium.

52. In a device' of the character stated, a container having a fluid cushion therewithin, a transmitting medium exerting a pressure against said cushion and against the exterior of said container/whereby the pressures interior and exterior of said container exterior of said container whereby the pressures interior andeXterior of said container are equal at any standard .of pressure of the transmitting medium, mechanism controlled by said transmitting medium, and means to vary the standard of pressure ofl said transmitting medium. j

54. In a fluid cushion the combination wth a closed chamber, of means for confning a transmitting fluid therein under a predetermined pressure, and means for containing a iiuid cushion within said chamber in position to be surrounded by said transmitting fluid.

55. The combination withra movable element, of means for subjecting it on one side to a substantially constant pressure having a universal range of adjustment which includes a fluid cushion surrounded by a transmitting medium.

56. In a regulating mechanism, the combination with a movable element subjected on one side to a variable pressure, of means for subjecting it onl the opposite side to a substantially constant pressure having a universal range of adjustment which includes a Huid cushion surrounded by a transmitting medium, a valve casing, a valve therein controlled by said movable element, and means to vary the travelv of said valve relative to the travel of said movable element.

57. In a regulating mechanism, the combination with a fluid cushion container, of a passage for the transmitting medium surrounding said container whereby fluid pressures Within and without the container are 

